Chapter 3 outlines various approaches to reflective practice through time. Clarke 2008 states that reflection on teaching goals, teaching methods, the level of students ability, etc. Becoming a reflective teacher sage publications inc. Designed to provoke reflection and commitment, field experience, seventh edition, guides students through field experiences, includingbut not limited tostudent teaching. Reflective teaching, post method pedagogy and teacher professional development and how these interrelate to each other and improve classroom teaching conference paper pdf available january. The continual and progressive search to improve their teaching and. International language, linguistic imperialism, local varieties, political correctness, world english 2.
The major goal of both this book, and of all of the volumes in the reflective teaching and the social conditions of schooling series, is to help teachers explore and define their own positions with regard to key topics and issues related to the aims of education in a democratic society. Written for language teachers in training at the diploma, undergraduate, or graduate level, practice teaching, a reflective approach surveys issues and procedures in conducting practice teaching. Learners may uncover previous knowledge that had been learned but was now buried or simply. The reflective teaching model what is the reflective teaching model. Everyone want to know the good things, good qualities and sometime bad things also. Being able to reflect on what things work and what things dont can help you improve as a teacher. Chapter 5 gives an overall framework to reflective practice for educators by offering a fivecomponent. A solution to the teaching stylelearning style dilemma susan s. The cycle of reflective teaching contributed by pete hall and alisa simeral this post has been updated and republished the more reflective you are, the more effective you are. Your journey through this tru open learning program will be of a different kind. Becoming a reflective learner thompson rivers university. The role of critical reflection in teacher education. The questions are organized around the four main components of teaching, as outlined by dee fink. This was the decade during which communicative language teaching.
Thinking back returning to a learning experience or recapturing a learning event some time after it has taken place may allow the learner to revisit the entire experience from a fresh and different perspective. The reflective teacher center for the advancement of. Teachers entering the profession may find their initial teaching efforts stressful, but with experience they acquire a repertoire of teaching. Strategies claimed to promote reflection a wide variety of approaches has been em ployed in attempts to foster reflection in student teachers and. To support reflective practices, various strategies have been designed within many professional programmes, such as storytelling, learning journals, using metaphors, conducting analyses using videos of teaching sequences, modelling and using reflective frameworks.
Richards department of english, city polytechnic of hong kong most teachers develop their classroom skills fairly early in their teaching careers. The book adopts a reflective approach to practice teaching and shows student teachers how to explore and reflect on the nature of language teaching. The most distinctive of these very good teachers is that their practice is the result of careful. The decline of methods the 1970s ushered in an era of change and innovation in language teaching methodology. As we conclude the semester, this is the perfect time to reflect on your classes and consider teaching decisions for the spring. That is, we have been required to read textbooks and journal articles, listen to lectures and write exams dependent on rote memory. The increasingly widespread practice of teachers collecting data and using those data to investigate and develop their own teaching skills is most publicly evidenced at this time in the action research movement. To participate, teachers must spend time in preparation and reflection. Two main types of reflection are often referred to reflection inaction and reflection onaction. As it is emphasized in reflective teaching model, to optimize the teaching and learning of a language in esl contexts, it may be useful to embrace the concept of the teacher as a learner and an expert in the field of language teaching. Assumptions of reflective teaching theory reflective teachers are knowledgeable about pedagogy methods and theories of teaching we can learn a lot about teaching from selfinquiry much of what happens during teaching is unknown to the teacher experience is not enough to grow as a teacher. The most obvious difference is in terms of when they happen. Literature includes within it all possible varieties of subject matter.
Reflective teaching reflection is a process of selfexamination and selfevaluation in which effective educators regularly engage to improve their professional practices. Reflective practice in teaching pdf 2 reflective practice for teachers situations arise on a daily basis. The language varieties, or lects, that people speak often serve as the basis for judgment, and even exclusion, from certain social groups, professions, and business organizations. Becoming a reflective learner many of us have had experiences as passive learners. Every teacher has a professional responsibility to be reflective and evaluative about their practice. Teaching english through literature murat hismanoglu abstract. Designs and implements an educational program that is congruent with the idiosyncrasies of a particular school situation.
Reflective teaching informs you that you are in charge of your teachinglearning and that you have a major contribution to make towards its success. Below are useful questions that can guide your reflective process. This is the reflection that takes place whilst you are involved in the situation, often a patient interaction. Stephen brookfield 1999 introduces four lenses through which teachers can view these teaching and learning episodes.
Every spring, countless elementary school teachers and principals face the task of making. The first two are designed to encourage recognition and reflection on the concept of ideology, drawing closely on the ideas explained in reflective teaching. Types of reflection reflective practice libguides at. Because reflective teaching is a carefully structured form of peer teaching, it requires a group of inter ested teachers willing to teach in front of each other.
In the light of these four traditions of practice, four varieties of reflective teaching practice have been identified. Reflective teaching as a strategy for teacher growth. Teaching four reflections on teaching and learning history. Corollary to this, reflective teaching as an inquiryoriented approach to teacher education is considered an ambiguous term signifying a wide variety of meanings tom, 1985. Educational and social commitments in reflective teacher. Employs a variety of teaching skills that interact effectively with the particular teaching environment. Collaborative strategies for staff education and development. In the united states, four distinct traditions of reflection in teacher education which have guided reform efforts, have been noted zeichner and liston, 1990.
Ellis teachers in an elementary school decide not to match students with teachers. Reflective teaching encourages teach ers to be students of teaching. Reflective teaching is a practice that involves learning how to become a more engaging teacher by learning from your environment. Teaching the mcgill model of nursing and clientcentred care. A phenomenological study on reflective teaching practice abimbola disu concordia university portland college of education dissertation submitted to the faculty of the college of education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of education in teacher leadership committee chair, barbara weschke, ph. Added to this, ball 2009 noted that teachers with high selfefficacy are those that have high. Thinking about reflective practice as a concept is crucial since we do need. Becoming a reflective teacher an empowered teacher is a reflective decision maker who finds joy in learning and in investigating the teaching learning processone who views learning as construction and teaching as a facilitating process to enhance and enrich development.
The efficiency of the tools used for reflective teaching. For instance, gore and zeichner 1991 have identified four varieties of reflective teaching practice, each with its own underlying ideology, which are outlined in some detail in a later section. A reflective teacher doesnt expect all children to respond in the same way or achieve the same level of a skill. Organizational learning and learning organization are two different concepts, organizational learning is only. Chapter 4 attempts to define reflective practice and discusses the different levels of reflection. Becoming a reflective teacher an empowered teacher is a reflective decision maker who finds joy in learning and in investigating the teachinglearning processone who views learning as construction and teaching as a facilitating process to enhance and enrich development. Reflective teaching is an inquiry approach that emphasizes an ethic of care, a constructivist approach to teaching, and creative problem solving henderson, 2001 an ethic of care respects the wonderful range of multiple talents and capacities of all individuals regardless of cultural, intellectual, or gender. Varieties of care in history education 229 caring about 229 caring that 232 caring for 234 caring to 237. A recent trend in second language teaching is a movement away from methods and other external or top down views of teaching toward an approach that seeks to understand teaching in its own terms. Abstract this paper provides a summary of research undertaken to derive a critically informed but learner sensitive framework for facilitating the presentation and evaluation of reflective learning. Frequently there are no right or wrong answers, no procedures.
Reflective teaching practices include being able to learn from your students, co. Thus, any attempt to understand effective language teaching must consider the issue of effective language learning. The roots of reflective teaching are historically evident in the works of john dewey 1933, 1938, who maintained that. This is then followed by two activities enabling reflection on the ways that pupils and teachers move between different cultures both inside and outside of school. A reflective statement about your personal philosophy of teaching and learning provides the foundation for all other elements of your portfolio. Cruickshank, 1985, do not offer any suggestions regarding what precisely. Highly practical in its focus, field experience, seventh edition, moves beyond a list of dos and donts to help students create, reflect upon, and refine a set of goals and teaching principles.